Chapter 24 Quizzes: Self Activities Chapter Cum. Videos   Movies    Words   Appendix    Summary   Art    Art 

Unit 4: Mechanisms of Evolution The Origin of Species Review
  1. Evolutionary change of a species over time is called , while in a parent species may branch off to yield multiple species.
     
     
  2. A species is a group of organisms whose members can interbreed in nature and produce offspring.
     
     
  3. Reproductive can prevent interbreeding and result in reproductive .
       
       
    • Prezygotic barriers prevent the formation of , and include , , , , and isolation.
       
       
    • Postzygotic barriers prevent the from developing into a fertile adult, and include reduced hybrid , reduced hybrid , and hybrid .
     
     
  4. Speciation can occur by (“Other Country”) speciation, or by speciation.
       
       
    • In speciation, geographic separation can reduce flow and result in reproductive where the isolated subpopulations can evolve separately.
       
       
    • In speciation, geographically overlapping populations can evolve into separate species due to habitat .
     
     
  5. Adaptive can produce many species, adapted to different , from a common ancestor which was introduced to a new environment, such as the Hawaiian archipelago.
     
     
  6. The decline and of some species often provides opportunities for other species to occupy the and that open up.
     
     
    Summary.
Chapter 25 Quizzes: Self Activities Chapter Cum. Videos   Movies    Words   Appendix    Summary   Art    Art 

Unit 4: Mechanisms of Evolution Phylogeny and Systematics Review
  1. is the evolutionary history of species. is the relationships of organisms, based on shared characters inherited from a common .
     
     
  2. Some of the tools biologists use include the record, as well as and comparisons to infer evolutionary relationships.
       
       
    • Most of the record is found in layers of rock called .
       
       
    • similarity can be misleading due to evolution ( analogy ).
       
       
    • homologies that make use of computer programs to analyze segments can reveal many relationships not attainable by other methods.
     
     
  3. Carolus Linnaeus introduced a system, called , for classifying species in seven hierarchical categories (taxa).
     
     
  4. The scientific name of an organism uses nomenclature composed of its and epithet, such as Panthera pardus and Homo sapiens.
     
     
  5. Phylogenetic relationships are shown as branching trees where each branch point represents the of two when they shared a common .
     
     
  6. Shared ancestry and shared characters are drawn on a to show evolutionary relationships; this practice is called .
     
     
  7. A clade must be , and consists of the species and all its descendants.
     
     
  8. A depicts the chronology of divergences by having the of a branch reflect the number of changes that have taken place in a particular sequence in that lineage.
     
     
  9. The tree of life is divided into three great clades called : (Monera), , and .
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