adenohypophysis.html: 45_08AntPituitaryHormones.jpg
Production and release of anterior pituitary hormones.
Hypothalamic tropic hormones control the secretion of hormones in the
anterior pituitary.
adrenal_cortex.html: 45_13StressLong.jpg
The adrenal cortex controls prolonged responses by secreting corticosteroids.
Mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone regulate salt and water
balance
.
Glucocorticoids such as cortisol regulate glucose metabolism and the immune system.
endocrine.html: 45_06HumanEndocGlands.jpg
Human endocrine glands.
epinephrine.html: 45_13StressShort.jpg
The adrenal medulla mediates short–term responses by secreting catecholamine hormones.
Epinephrine and norepinephrine secreted by the the adrenal medulla enable a
rapid (
fight-or-flight
) responses to stress by increasing blood glucose and blood pressure and
directing blood to the heart, brain, and skeletal muscles.
female.html: 45_bouguereau-dawn.jpg
graves.html: Graves.jpg
Graves' disease is a form of hyperthyroidism resulting in fluid accumulation behind the
eyes
.
The body produces antibodies to the receptor for TSH,
stimulating production of T3 and T4 and bypassing the TSH negative feedback loop.
homeostasis-calcium.html: 45_11CalciumHomeostasis_L.jpg
Negative feedback in calcium homeostasis.
homeostasis-glucose.html: 45_12GlucoseHomeostasis.jpg
Negative feedback in glucose homeostasis.
male.html: 45_michelangelo-david.jpg
melatonin.html: 45_Melatonin.jpg
The pineal gland secretes melatonin at night.
This biological clock regulates functions related to light, such as seasonal reproduction activities
and daily sleep cycles
.
metamorphosis.html: 45_15InsectDevelopment.jpg
Hormonal regulation of insect development.
Brain hormone stimulates the release of ecdysone,
which promotes molting and the development of adult characteristics.
Juvenile hormone promotes the retention of larval (juvenile) characteristics.
milk.html: Milk.jpg
A baby sucking at the nipple sends nerve signals to the hypothalamus,
where oxytocin is made by neurosecretory cells
and stored in the posterior pituitary.
When oxytocin circulates to the nipples,
it triggers smooth muscle contraction and release of milk.
neurohormone.html: 45_02neurohormone.jpg
In a simple neurohormone pathway, a neurosecretory in the brain secretes a hormone that acts directly
on a target effector cell, triggering a response.
neurohypophysis.html: 45_07PostPituitaryHormone.jpg
Production and release of posterior pituitary hormones.
Neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus make antidiuretic hormone ( ADH ) and oxytocin , which are stored in the posterior pituitary.
Nervous signals from the brain trigger release of these neurohormones.
swallowtail.html: 45_01EmergingSwallowtail_UP.jpg
Hormones regulate body processes, such as the metamorphosis of an anise swallowtail butterfly,
by circulating chemical signals that enable internal communication.
thyroid.html: 45_09T3T4FeedbackRegulat_L.jpg
Thyroid hormones are involved in skeletal growth and mental development of children, and regulate
blood pressure, heart rate, muscle tone, digestion, and reproductive functions.
The hypothalamus secretes thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH), which stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete thyroid–stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH then stimulates the thyroid gland to synthesize the thyroid hormones T3 and T4.
These hormones exert negative feedback on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary and inhibit release of TRH and TSH.